How does cortisol affect the body's metabolism?

Cortisol plays a significant role in the regulation of metabolism by increasing blood sugar levels and promoting gluconeogenesis. As a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, cortisol helps the body respond to stress and regulates various metabolic processes.

When cortisol is released into the bloodstream, it stimulates the liver to convert non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol, into glucose. This process, known as gluconeogenesis, effectively elevates blood glucose levels, ensuring that there is a readily available source of energy for the body's tissues, particularly during times of stress or fasting.

Additionally, cortisol helps mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissue and can influence muscle metabolism, thereby playing a critical role in maintaining energy homeostasis. While cortisol does have effects on lipolysis and protein metabolism, increasing blood sugar levels through gluconeogenesis is a primary and crucial action of cortisol in metabolic regulation.