How does insulin affect blood glucose levels?

Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the cells, particularly in muscle and adipose tissue. When blood glucose levels rise after a meal, insulin is secreted by the pancreas. This hormone promotes the absorption of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen for future use. As a result, insulin effectively lowers blood glucose levels, contributing to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis.

This mechanism is vital for preventing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), which can lead to serious health complications if left unregulated. Therefore, understanding the function of insulin in lowering blood glucose levels is essential for managing conditions such as diabetes mellitus, where insulin secretion or sensitivity may be impaired.