How does the body react to low blood sugar levels?

The body responds to low blood sugar levels primarily by releasing glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that acts as a counter-regulatory hormone to insulin. When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is secreted into the bloodstream, where it stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into circulation. This process is known as glycogenolysis. Additionally, glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, further increasing blood glucose levels.

This response is critical for maintaining energy homeostasis and preventing hypoglycemia, which can lead to serious symptoms like confusion, weakness, and even loss of consciousness if not addressed. This mechanism ensures that even under conditions of low glucose availability, the body can mobilize energy stores and restore normal glucose levels efficiently.