How is hypothyroidism typically treated?

Hypothyroidism is primarily treated with synthetic thyroid hormone replacement therapy, most commonly levothyroxine. This therapy is crucial because hypothyroidism is characterized by an underproduction of thyroid hormones, which play a vital role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall bodily functions. By administering levothyroxine, the treatment effectively restores appropriate hormone levels, alleviating symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and depression.

The other treatment options mentioned do not address the root cause of hypothyroidism. Dietary changes and vitamin supplements can support overall health but are insufficient as a primary treatment for hormone deficiency. Radioactive iodine therapy is typically used for hyperthyroidism or conditions such as thyroid cancer, where the goal is to reduce the activity of the thyroid gland, not to treat hypothyroidism. Antithyroid medications are used to decrease hormone production in hyperthyroid conditions, making them inappropriate for a condition that requires hormone replacement. Thus, levothyroxine remains the standard and effective treatment for hypothyroidism.