What are potential complications associated with long-term steroid therapy?

Long-term steroid therapy is associated with several significant complications, primarily due to the pharmacological effects of corticosteroids on various body systems. Cushing's syndrome results from prolonged exposure to high levels of corticosteroids, leading to characteristic symptoms such as weight gain, a rounded face, easy bruising, and skin changes. The overproduction of cortisol can disrupt normal metabolic processes and lead to fat redistribution.

Osteoporosis is another critical complication linked to long-term steroid use. Corticosteroids can interfere with bone formation and increase bone resorption, leading to a decrease in bone density and an elevated risk of fractures. This is particularly concerning in populations at risk for osteoporosis, such as postmenopausal women and older adults.

While patients may experience various effects that could lead to complications like hyperglycemia, the combination of Cushing's syndrome and osteoporosis specifically highlights the significant endocrine alterations and structural risks associated with prolonged steroid use, making this choice the most accurate reflection of potential complications.