What are potential side effects of long-term corticosteroid use?

Long-term use of corticosteroids can indeed lead to a variety of side effects, with osteoporosis and weight gain being significant concerns. Corticosteroids can interfere with the calcium balance in the bones, leading to decreased bone density and an increased risk of fractures, a condition known as osteoporosis. Additionally, these medications can cause changes in metabolism, leading to increased appetite and subsequent weight gain, as well as alteration in fat distribution in the body, often resulting in increased abdominal fat.

In contrast to the correct answer, the other options do not accurately reflect the common side effects associated with prolonged corticosteroid therapy. For instance, increased energy levels or improved immune response are not typical effects; rather, long-term corticosteroid use may actually suppress immune function due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, a decreased appetite is less likely; instead, increased appetite is more commonly reported among individuals taking these medications.