What endocrine disorder is characterized by excessive hair growth, often in women?

The endocrine disorder characterized by excessive hair growth, particularly in women, is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a hormonal disorder that leads to the overproduction of androgens, male hormones that are normally present in smaller amounts in women. This hormonal imbalance can result in a range of symptoms, including hirsutism, which is the presence of excessive hair growth in areas typically more common in men, such as the face and chest.

In addition to hirsutism, PCOS can also lead to irregular menstrual cycles, ovarian cysts, and difficulties with weight management. The underlying mechanisms involve insulin resistance and a disruption of normal hormone levels, which contribute to the development of these symptoms.

While other conditions listed, such as Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Cushing's syndrome, can also feature excessive hair growth, they are typically associated with additional complexities and different patterns of symptoms. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disorder affecting adrenal gland function, and Cushing's syndrome is due to high cortisol levels, which have various causes and presentations. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, is related to an overactive thyroid and does not primarily cause excessive hair growth.

Thus, the most representative choice