What hormonal imbalance is commonly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by a hormonal disorder that significantly affects women of reproductive age. One of the hallmark features of PCOS is the presence of elevated androgens, which are male hormones that are produced in higher amounts by women with this condition. Elevated levels of androgens can lead to various symptoms, including irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism (excess hair growth), acne, and weight gain.

The hormonal imbalance in PCOS primarily indicates that the ovaries produce excessive amounts of androgens, contributing to the development of ovarian cysts and impacting ovulation. Recognizing elevated androgens is crucial for diagnosis and management, as addressing these hormone levels can alleviate many symptoms associated with PCOS.

Although conditions like elevated cortisol levels, imbalanced thyroid hormones, and decreased insulin sensitivity may also impact hormonal health, they are not central to the defining symptoms of PCOS. Instead, the elevated androgens are pivotal in understanding the pathophysiology of the syndrome and guiding treatment approaches.