What is hyperparathyroidism characterized by?

Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands, which are small glands located near the thyroid in the neck. This overproduction of PTH leads to an increase in the levels of calcium in the blood, a condition known as hypercalcemia. PTH plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body by promoting the release of calcium from bones, increasing the absorption of calcium in the intestines, and ensuring that the kidneys retain calcium instead of excreting it.

In hyperparathyroidism, the imbalance caused by excess PTH can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications, including weakened bones (due to calcium being leached from them), kidney stones, and neuromuscular issues. This condition typically arises from benign growths on the parathyroid glands or from other underlying health issues that affect hormone secretion. Understanding that hyperparathyroidism is fundamentally linked to the overproduction of parathyroid hormone is essential for diagnosing and managing the condition effectively.