What is the main function of the adrenal cortex?

The adrenal cortex is primarily responsible for the production of corticosteroids. These hormones include glucocorticoids, which aid in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as mineralocorticoids, which help regulate electrolyte balance and fluid homeostasis. Corticosteroids play a crucial role in stress response, inflammation management, and immune function modulation.

While the adrenal cortex does contribute to other functions, such as producing sex hormones and influencing metabolism indirectly through glucocorticoids, the main and defining function is the synthesis and secretion of corticosteroids. This makes option C the most accurate choice regarding the primary role of the adrenal cortex in the body's endocrine system.