What is the major effect of glucagon in the body?

The major effect of glucagon in the body is to increase blood glucose levels. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas, and it plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is released into the bloodstream. Its primary function is to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose through a process called glycogenolysis. Additionally, glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.

As a result of these actions, glucagon effectively raises the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream, making it available for use by the body's cells, particularly during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake. This is critically important for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring that the body's energy needs are met, especially when the individual is not consuming food.