What is the relationship between insulin and blood glucose?

Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels, and it primarily functions to lower these levels. When blood glucose levels rise, such as after a meal, the pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by the body's cells, especially in muscle and adipose (fat) tissues, where it can be used for energy or stored for future use. This action of promoting glucose uptake effectively reduces the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.

In addition to this, insulin also inhibits the liver's production of glucose and its release into the bloodstream, further contributing to the decrease in blood glucose. Therefore, the relationship between insulin and blood glucose is essential for maintaining homeostasis and preventing conditions such as hyperglycemia, which is characterized by persistently high blood glucose levels.