What metabolic change may accompany prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels?

Prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels is associated with increased blood glucose levels. This phenomenon occurs because cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress, plays a critical role in glucose metabolism. It promotes gluconeogenesis—the process of creating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources—primarily in the liver.

Additionally, cortisol can decrease the effectiveness of insulin, the hormone that helps lower blood glucose levels. This insulin resistance contributes to elevated glucose levels in the bloodstream. As a result, individuals with chronic high cortisol levels are at risk for hyperglycemia, which can lead to other complications, including the risk of developing diabetes over time. Overall, the metabolic change of increased blood glucose levels is a direct reflection of cortisol's function in energy metabolism and stress response.