What physical signs are associated with Cushing's syndrome?

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by an overproduction of cortisol, often due to a pituitary adenoma or adrenal tumor. The physical signs associated with this condition include a distinctive set of features that result from hormonal imbalance. The presence of a "moon face" refers to the round and full appearance of the face, which is caused by fat redistribution. The "buffalo hump" describes accumulations of fat on the upper back and neck, leading to a characteristic curvature. Central obesity is another hallmark of Cushing's syndrome, where fat is predominantly deposited in the abdominal area, leading to an increased waist circumference.

These signs are directly linked to the metabolic effects of excess cortisol, which alters fat distribution and increases appetite. Understanding these manifestations is essential for nurses in identifying and managing patients with Cushing's syndrome, as they indicate the need for further assessment and potentially address underlying causes such as tumors or adrenal gland disorders.