What sign of Cushing syndrome should a nurse expect in a client with a pituitary tumor?

In clients with Cushing syndrome, especially those with a pituitary tumor, one of the hallmark signs is the retention of sodium and water. This is primarily due to elevated levels of cortisol, which can lead to an increase in sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, subsequently causing fluid retention. As a result, this condition often manifests as hypertension, edema, and weight gain.

Understanding the role of cortisol is key here; it influences various bodily functions, including the regulation of blood pressure, metabolism, and immune response. In instances of Cushing syndrome, the excess cortisol disrupts normal homeostasis, leading to significant changes in fluid balance, appetite, and fat distribution.

The retention of sodium and water is a direct consequence of the hormonal imbalance in Cushing syndrome, making this answer the most appropriate in the context of the condition linked with a pituitary tumor. Other potential symptoms, such as increased appetite or abnormal fat distribution, may also be seen but are not as directly linked to fluid and electrolyte management as sodium and water retention.