Which gland is commonly known as the "master gland" of the endocrine system?

The pituitary gland is commonly referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system due to its role in regulating the function of other endocrine glands. It is located at the base of the brain and is responsible for producing and releasing a variety of hormones that control essential bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. These hormones, such as growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), have far-reaching effects on other glands, prompting them to produce their respective hormones as needed.

For instance, ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol, while LH influences the ovaries and testes. Because of this central regulation of hormonal activity, the pituitary gland's influence extends throughout the endocrine system, showcasing its critical role in maintaining hormonal balance and overall health. This unique positioning and functionality is what earns it the title of the "master gland."