Which medication is commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes?

Metformin is a first-line medication commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes. It works primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose production, improving insulin sensitivity, and enhancing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. This helps to lower blood glucose levels effectively in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

The preference for metformin as the initial treatment lies in its proven benefits not only in controlling blood sugar levels but also in promoting weight loss or weight stability, which is often an issue for those with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, metformin has a lower risk of causing hypoglycemia compared to some other diabetes medications, making it a safer option for many patients.

Other medications, such as insulin, sitagliptin, and glipizide, are also used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but they are typically considered in different contexts or stages of the disease. For example, insulin is usually reserved for patients who have not achieved adequate control with oral medications or who have more advanced disease. Sitagliptin and glipizide are effective as well, but metformin remains the cornerstone of therapy for most patients with type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy, safety profile, and positive metabolic effects.